{"id":29874,"date":"2025-12-18T11:29:32","date_gmt":"2025-12-18T03:29:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/?post_type=sm_blog&#038;p=29874"},"modified":"2025-12-18T11:34:52","modified_gmt":"2025-12-18T03:34:52","slug":"joule-wei-zhang-hui-ming-cheng-qfls-swcnt-flexible-perovskite-module-95-percent-retention","status":"publish","type":"sm_blog","link":"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/zh-hans\/blog\/joule-wei-zhang-hui-ming-cheng-qfls-swcnt-flexible-perovskite-module-95-percent-retention\/","title":{"rendered":"Joule: University of Surrey&#8217;s Wei Zhang, CAS Academician Hui-Ming Cheng, and Collaborators Achieve 95% Efficiency Retention in SWCNT Flexible Perovskite Solar Modules After 1000 Bending Cycles"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"29874\" class=\"elementor elementor-29874\" data-elementor-post-type=\"sm_blog\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ec432b5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" 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975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50debc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f50debc\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a52ec7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a52ec7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Joule: University of Surrey&#8217;s Wei Zhang, CAS Academician Hui-Ming Cheng, and Collaborators Achieve 95% Efficiency Retention in SWCNT Flexible Perovskite Solar Modules After 1000 Bending Cycles<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cc69389 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"6cc69389\" 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class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>2025-12-18<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237ccf93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"237ccf93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"383\" src=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/banner-joule-wei-zhang-Hui-Ming-Cheng-qfls-swcnt-flexible-perovskite-module-95-percent-retention.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-29875\" alt=\"banner-joule-wei-zhang-Hui-Ming-Cheng-qfls-swcnt-flexible-perovskite-module-95-percent-retention\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/banner-joule-wei-zhang-Hui-Ming-Cheng-qfls-swcnt-flexible-perovskite-module-95-percent-retention.webp 900w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/banner-joule-wei-zhang-Hui-Ming-Cheng-qfls-swcnt-flexible-perovskite-module-95-percent-retention-300x128.webp 300w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/banner-joule-wei-zhang-Hui-Ming-Cheng-qfls-swcnt-flexible-perovskite-module-95-percent-retention-768x327.webp 768w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/banner-joule-wei-zhang-Hui-Ming-Cheng-qfls-swcnt-flexible-perovskite-module-95-percent-retention-416x177.webp 416w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e376d39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e376d39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"font-size: 28px; color: #008080; line-height: 30px; font-weight: bold;\">Research Achievements and Highlights<\/h2><p>Flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are regarded as a key development direction for next-generation energy technology due to their lightweight nature, high flexibility, and low-cost fabrication potential. However, ensuring operational stability and photovoltaic efficiency without increasing material costs remains a major challenge.<\/p><p>The technical bottleneck lies in the transparent electrode used in traditional high-performance flexible perovskite cells\u2014indium tin oxide (ITO). ITO is inherently brittle and cannot withstand repeated bending, folding, or twisting mechanical stresses, leading to unstable device power output. Additionally, existing research has shown that ITO may undergo degradation in perovskite devices, affecting long-term reliability.<\/p><p>This research, completed through collaboration among researchers from multiple institutions including Wei Zhang and S. Ravi P. Silva from the University of Surrey (UK), Academician Hui-Ming Cheng from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongle Bu from Wuhan University of Technology, Sai Bai from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and Samuel D. Stranks from the University of Cambridge, was published in the journal <i>Joule<\/i>.<\/p><p>To overcome ITO&#8217;s brittleness and cost issues, the research team employed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as an alternative electrode. SWCNT films possess excellent mechanical robustness, while their hydrophobic characteristics help suppress moisture intrusion, thereby enhancing device stability.<\/p><p>The core approach involves treating SWCNT films with sulfuric acid (H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>), which significantly reduces the electrode&#8217;s sheet resistance while maintaining high optical transmittance. The H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>-treated SWCNT electrode enabled rigid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.5%, while flexible modules (f-PSMs) with an active area of 11.5 cm\u00b2 achieved PCE exceeding 20%. <b>(Figure 2C)<\/b><\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29890\" src=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.2C-1.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1276\" height=\"660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.2C-1.webp 1276w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.2C-1-300x155.webp 300w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.2C-1-1024x530.webp 1024w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.2C-1-768x397.webp 768w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.2C-1-416x215.webp 416w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1276px) 100vw, 1276px\" \/><\/p><p>These SWCNT-based f-PSMs exhibited only approximately 5% PCE degradation after 1000 bending cycles. <b>(Figure 2D)<\/b><\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29878\" src=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.2D-1.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"817\" height=\"701\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.2D-1.webp 817w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.2D-1-300x257.webp 300w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.2D-1-768x659.webp 768w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.2D-1-416x357.webp 416w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 817px) 100vw, 817px\" \/><\/p><h2 style=\"font-size: 28px; color: #008080; line-height: 30px; font-weight: bold;\">Quasi-Fermi Level Splitting (QFLS) and Photoelectrical Characterization<\/h2><h3 style=\"font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold;\">QFLS Characterization Principles and Measurements<\/h3><p>The research team postulated that H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> treatment enhances quasi-Fermi level splitting (\u0394E), attributed to the introduction of electron-withdrawing SO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup> functional groups on the SWCNT surface. This not only promotes p-type doping but also creates a negatively charged surface that passivates positively charged interfacial defects (such as Pb<sup>2+<\/sup> and halide vacancies). QFLS values are calculated from photoluminescence (PL) spectral data.<\/p><h3 style=\"font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold;\">QFLS Data and Analysis<\/h3><p>The research quantified \u0394E values for different stack structures, directly reflecting the suppression of non-radiative recombination by various interface treatments <b>(Figure 4A)<\/b>:<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29881\" src=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.4A.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"788\" height=\"632\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.4A.webp 788w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.4A-300x241.webp 300w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.4A-768x616.webp 768w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.4A-416x334.webp 416w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 788px) 100vw, 788px\" \/><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-weight: bold;\">Pure perovskite absorber layer:<\/span> \u0394E \u2248 1.221 eV.<\/li><li><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-weight: bold;\">NiO<sub>x<\/sub>\/perovskite stack:<\/span> \u0394E \u2248 1.202 eV.<\/li><li><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-weight: bold;\">SWCNT@H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>\/NiO<sub>x<\/sub>\/perovskite stack:<\/span> \u0394E \u2248 1.183 eV.<\/li><li><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-weight: bold;\">SWCNT@HNO<sub>3<\/sub>\/NiO<sub>x<\/sub>\/perovskite stack:<\/span> \u0394E \u2248 1.172 eV.<\/li><\/ul><p>Comparing the two acid treatments, the H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>-treated structure&#8217;s \u0394E (1.183 eV) is slightly higher than the HNO<sub>3<\/sub>-treated structure (1.172 eV). This difference indicates that sulfuric acid treatment more effectively reduces interfacial non-radiative recombination losses, demonstrating that H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> provides superior interfacial passivation compared to HNO<sub>3<\/sub>.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-23553\" src=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/QFLS-Maper-Feature-Promotion-ver3-2-en.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/QFLS-Maper-Feature-Promotion-ver3-2-en.webp 1080w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/QFLS-Maper-Feature-Promotion-ver3-2-en-300x139.webp 300w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/QFLS-Maper-Feature-Promotion-ver3-2-en-1024x474.webp 1024w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/QFLS-Maper-Feature-Promotion-ver3-2-en-768x356.webp 768w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/QFLS-Maper-Feature-Promotion-ver3-2-en-416x193.webp 416w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #13558e;\"><a style=\"color: #13558e;\" href=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/product\/qfls-maper\/\"><b>Enlitech is launching a new generation QFLS visualization analysis system that can quickly obtain QFLS visual maps, measure Pseudo JV, and rapidly understand photovoltaic materials&#8217; iVoc and optimal IV curve characteristics. Follow us for more information!<\/b><\/a><\/span><\/p><h3 style=\"font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold;\">Hyperspectral PL Mapping<\/h3><p>To evaluate the uniformity of internal optoelectronic properties within devices, the research team performed wide-field hyperspectral PL imaging measurements. Results showed that SWCNT@H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>-based devices exhibited more uniform PL emission and higher average PL intensity.<\/p><p>Further validation was achieved through analysis of the spectral center of mass (COM) <b>(Figures 3C and 3D)<\/b>. The SWCNT@H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> device&#8217;s COM distribution range was narrow at only 9 meV; in comparison, the SWCNT@HNO<sub>3<\/sub> device&#8217;s COM distribution was broader at 16 meV. These results indicate that the SWCNT@H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> structure produces perovskite films with superior uniformity, contributing to improved device fill factor (FF).<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29884\" src=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.3.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"684\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.3.webp 684w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.3-300x255.webp 300w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.3-416x353.webp 416w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/><\/p><h3 style=\"font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold;\">Carrier Dynamics Characterization<\/h3><p>Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements revealed that SWCNT@H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>-based devices exhibited reduced total series resistance (R<sub>s<\/sub>) to 17.6 \u03a9 and increased recombination resistance (R<sub>t<\/sub>) to 550 \u03a9, outperforming HNO<sub>3<\/sub>-treated structures (R<sub>s<\/sub> = 56.2 \u03a9, R<sub>t<\/sub> = 243 \u03a9). The reduced non-radiative recombination losses revealed by QFLS measurements (i.e., higher \u0394E) align with the improved resistance parameters observed in EIS measurements, thus establishing a connection between macroscopic electrical performance improvements and microscopic carrier dynamics. <b>(Figure 4B)<\/b><\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29899\" src=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.4B-1.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"824\" height=\"684\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.4B-1.webp 824w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.4B-1-300x249.webp 300w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.4B-1-768x638.webp 768w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.4B-1-416x345.webp 416w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px\" \/><\/p><h3 style=\"font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold;\">J-V Curve Characterization<\/h3><p>For device performance evaluation, J-V characteristics and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) measurements were conducted under standard test conditions using a Keysight B2901A source meter coupled with an <b>Enlitech SS-F5-3A AAA-grade steady-state solar simulator (SS-X). This simulator is used to simulate AM 1.5G illumination conditions and has been calibrated with a standard silicon-based reference cell.<\/b><\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29896\" src=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/References-Enlitech-SS-X-Joule-10.1016j.joule_.2025.102225.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"915\" height=\"407\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/References-Enlitech-SS-X-Joule-10.1016j.joule_.2025.102225.webp 915w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/References-Enlitech-SS-X-Joule-10.1016j.joule_.2025.102225-300x133.webp 300w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/References-Enlitech-SS-X-Joule-10.1016j.joule_.2025.102225-768x342.webp 768w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/References-Enlitech-SS-X-Joule-10.1016j.joule_.2025.102225-416x185.webp 416w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 915px) 100vw, 915px\" \/><\/p><p>J-V curve results showed that the champion efficiency of rigid SWCNT-based PSCs reached 24.5% <b>(Figure 1A)<\/b>.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29893\" src=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.1A.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"958\" height=\"810\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.1A.webp 958w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.1A-300x254.webp 300w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.1A-768x649.webp 768w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.1A-416x352.webp 416w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 958px) 100vw, 958px\" \/><\/p><p>For flexible modules (f-PSMs) with an active area of 11.5 cm\u00b2, PCE exceeded 20% <b>(Figure 2C)<\/b>. MPPT performance evaluation further confirmed the superiority of SWCNT electrodes: after MPPT testing, SWCNT-based PSCs retained 96% of their initial efficiency. In contrast, ITO-based devices under identical conditions retained only 57% PCE. These photoelectrical performance data, particularly the MPPT results, demonstrate that replacing ITO with SWCNT effectively enhances long-term operational stability of devices.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29890\" src=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.2C-1.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1276\" height=\"660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.2C-1.webp 1276w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.2C-1-300x155.webp 300w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.2C-1-1024x530.webp 1024w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.2C-1-768x397.webp 768w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.2C-1-416x215.webp 416w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1276px) 100vw, 1276px\" \/><\/p><h2 style=\"font-size: 28px; color: #008080; line-height: 30px; font-weight: bold;\">Conclusions and Research Outcomes<\/h2><p>This research successfully integrated H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>-treated SWCNT networks into flexible perovskite solar modules, addressing the inherent deficiencies of traditional ITO electrodes in terms of mechanical durability and cost. Sulfuric acid treatment not only enhanced SWCNT conductivity but also reacted with the NiO<sub>x<\/sub> hole transport layer to form a dense NiSO<sub>4<\/sub>-NiO<sub>x<\/sub> composite layer.<\/p><p>QFLS analysis provided microscopic mechanistic evidence for this research. Through \u0394E measurements and hyperspectral PL imaging, the research team confirmed that H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> treatment effectively suppresses non-radiative recombination through surface defect passivation. This optimization directly translated to improvements in device electrical performance, including reduced series resistance and enhanced recombination resistance.<\/p><p>The research demonstrated the stability of SWCNT-based flexible modules under mechanical stress, high temperatures, and continuous illumination, maintaining over 95% of initial PCE under various external stresses. These findings provide a viable technological route for developing low-cost, scalable, and highly durable flexible photovoltaic technology, holding positive significance for accelerating the commercialization of flexible optoelectronic technologies.<\/p><h3 style=\"font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold;\">Original Publication Information<\/h3><p>Article Title: Integrating SWCNT to bridge the stability divide in scalable and manufacturable flexible perovskite solar modules<br \/>Journal: Joule<br \/>Publication Date: December 9, 2025<br \/>DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joule.2025.102225<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7660bf6e elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-9831 elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7660bf6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/QFLS-Maper_ver2-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/QFLS-Maper_ver2-416x312.webp 416w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/zh-hans\/product\/qfls-maper\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tQFLS-Maper \u51c6\u8d39\u7c73\u80fd\u7ea7\u68c0\u6d4b\u4eea\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d33bf2b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6d33bf2b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b523304 elementor-share-buttons--view-icon-text elementor-share-buttons--skin-gradient elementor-share-buttons--shape-square elementor-grid-0 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class=\"post-navigation__next--title\">SS-LED \u5927\u9762\u79efLED\u592a\u9633\u5149\u6a21\u62df\u5668<\/span><\/span><span class=\"post-navigation__arrow-wrapper post-navigation__arrow-next\"><i class=\"fa fa-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Next<\/span><\/span><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Published in Joule, research by Wei Zhang and Huiming Cheng&#8217;s teams demonstrates a highly stable flexible perovskite solar module using H2SO4-treated SWCNTs. The device achieves over 20% PCE and retains 95% of its initial efficiency after 1000 bending cycles, attributed to suppressed non-radiative recombination confirmed by QFLS analysis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":29875,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"sm_blog_category":[206,329],"sm_blog_tag":[404,351],"class_list":["post-29874","sm_blog","type-sm_blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","sm_blog_category-customer-testimonials","sm_blog_category-sim","sm_blog_tag-qfls-paper-2","sm_blog_tag-ss-x"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sm_blog\/29874","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sm_blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/sm_blog"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29874"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sm_blog\/29874\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29906,"href":"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sm_blog\/29874\/revisions\/29906"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29875"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29874"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"sm_blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sm_blog_category?post=29874"},{"taxonomy":"sm_blog_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enlitechnology.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sm_blog_tag?post=29874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}