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2022 Small Structures:穩定性提升!探討末端基團對於低維鈣鈦礦之影響

SS-X 太陽光模擬器使效率突破成為可能!

  Small Structures (IF 11.459) 於2022年1月刊登普度大學Letian Dou等人的研究成果。金屬鹵化物鈣鈦礦擁有出色的特性可應用在太陽能電池、探測器等領域。近期鈣鈦礦太陽能電池 (perovskite solar cell, PSC) 的效率已超過25%,然而在製造過程中,鈣鈦礦層的表面和晶界處會形成許多晶體缺陷,影響了PSC的穩定性。為解決此問題,有一種方法是開發低維鈣鈦礦 (2D、1D和0D)。相較3D鈣鈦礦,低維鈣鈦礦表現出更高的穩定性和更多的結構和組成多功能性。若將有機分子內嵌入二維層狀雜化鈣鈦礦,更能進一步調整二維鈣鈦礦的電子和光學性質。然而,目前共軛有機結構單元與金屬鹵化物無機結構單元之間的相互作用尚未得到充分研究。

  為研究不同錨定基團對晶體結構、相形成和器件性能的影響,於此篇研究中,研究團隊設計並合成一系列具有FA (formamidinium)、Im (imidazolium) 和BIm (benzimidazolium) 端基的官能化聯噻吩有機配體,能大幅影響低維鈣鈦礦的晶體結構。而後合成一系列基於Pb和Sn的OSiP (organic semiconductor-incorporated perovskite),即一種混成結構,在無機八面體框架之間插入了功能性有機陽離子。具有Imand BIm端基的配體能夠成功形成一維或二維鈣鈦礦,而具有FA端基的配體會引起鈣鈦礦八面體的畸變並形成”階梯狀”結構。

synthetic routes of ligands low-dimensional perovskite

配體 2TFAI、2TImI 和 2TBImI 的合成路線。

  研究團隊使用光焱科技的太陽光模擬器與其他儀器進行量測。結果發現,配體的末端基團對配體與八面體鈣鈦礦的相互作用有顯著影響,進而影響晶體結構的形成。只有使用Im和BIm末端基團的配體鈍化的3D鈣鈦礦太陽能電池表現出功率轉換效率的提高以及滯後的降低。此研究顯示,新型錨定基團在確定OSiP的晶體結構和特性方面發揮著關鍵作用。進一步研究這些具有不同末端基團的共軛配體其電子和光學性質,可挖掘更多潛在的應用。

Enlitech’s solar simulator and other instruments were used in this study to assist in the measurement. It was found that the terminal groups of the ligands have significant effect on the interactions between ligands and octahedrain perovskites, which in turn affect the formation of the crystal structures. Only the 3Dperovskite solar cells passivated by the ligands with Im and BIm terminal groups exhibit improved power conversion efficiencies and reduced hysteresis. This study shows that novel anchoring groups play a key role in determining the crystal structures and properties of OSiPs. The electronic and optical properties of these conjugated ligands with different end groups can be further studied to explore more potential applications.
Enlitech’s solar simulator and other instruments were used in this study to assist in the measurement. It was found that the terminal groups of the ligands have significant effect on the interactions between ligands and octahedrain perovskites, which in turn affect the formation of the crystal structures. Only the 3Dperovskite solar cells passivated by the ligands with Im and BIm terminal groups exhibit improved power conversion efficiencies and reduced hysteresis. This study shows that novel anchoring groups play a key role in determining the crystal structures and properties of OSiPs. The electronic and optical properties of these conjugated ligands with different end groups can be further studied to explore more potential applications.

A)在空穴傳輸層和鈣鈦礦層之間插入配體層的鈣鈦礦太陽能電池結構方案。 B)具有不同鈍化層的器件的J-V曲線以及與沒有鈍化層的對照器件的比較。 C)在反向掃描和正向掃描中,控制裝置和用 2TBImI 鈍化的裝置的 Champion J-V 曲線。 D) 控制器件和用 2TBImI 鈍化的器件的 EQE 光譜和積分的光電流密度,集成在 AM1.5 太陽光譜上。

本文關鍵字:低維鈣鈦礦、low-dimensional perovskite、有機配體、organic ligand、太陽能電池、perovskite solar cell、太陽光模擬器、Solar Simulator

原文: https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202100173

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